High-speed regulator and governor



March 31, 1931. R MAYER 1,798,616

HIGH SPEED REGULATOR AND GOVERNOR Filed Aug. 16, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 A TORNEY March 31, 1931. R MAYER 1,798,616

HIGH SPEED REGULATOR AND GOVERNOR Filed Aug. 16, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR RUDOLF MAYER TORNEY Patented Mar. 31, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GERMANY RUDOLI MAYER, OI BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNORTO GEELLSCHAFT 'I'UB'DRA HTLOSE TELEGRAPHIE LIB. H. HALLESGHES, 0F BERLIN, GERMANY,.A CORPORATION OF men-snare) nneumron AND eovnmwon.

Application filed August 16, 1927. Serial 110. 213,848.

This invention is directed to improvements on my Patent No. 1,717 ,7 22. I

.The usual types of high-speed regulators are predicated for their operation upon the fine and delicate adjustment of springs and weights. Since the re-adjustment of springs is accomplishable only by men specially trained therefor, this type of control is a dlsadvantage in practical work. 1

Now, by the present invention this drawback is avoided by reason that in the trembler relay the indifferent balance or equilibrium which is required to maintain variation or shifting of the median position of the trembler switch after completion of regulating period is produced by an additional force electr0-magnetically influencing the trembler switch either directly or else by way of a thermionic tube, said force in turn being dependent upon the departure from or shift of the median position of the trembler switch and being adapted thereto in the proper sense. In this way, all operations in highspeed regulation are effected by purely electrical means and ways, while the trembler switch is of as simple a mechanical design as possible.

The basic idea of the invention shall be explained in more detail by way of example by reference to the drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic sketch of an arrangement embodying my invention as covered by my prior Patent No. 1,717,722.

Fig. 2 shows a graph embodying the different co-relations of the currents in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows diagrammatically an embodiment of my invention employing a thermionic tube, and

Fig. 4 is a modification thereof and em ploying two thermionic tubes.

In order that my present invention which as stated before relates to improvements over my prior patent may be more readily understood the theory of operation of the subject matter involved in the prior patent will be here discussed.

Referring to Fig. 1, 1 is a direct current k generator whose potential is kept constant by means of having the mean current in the exciting windin 8 varied by periodical shortcircuitin of t e resistance 9.

This s ort-circuiting is effected by a rela trembler switch 2 by way of contact m whic is influenced by the currents of four wind- I ings. The current of winding 3 is proportional to the potential to be maintained con- I stant. In the winding 4 there flows a constant direct current which acts in opposition to the current in winding 3, and which may be used for the purpose of comparison (standard) with the potential to be kept constant. In winding 5 flows a current which varies in regular sequence between two values so that regular and uniform opening and closing of the relay 2 is insured. In 6 there flows a current which varies in proportion to the opening and closing times of the contact m, if desired, so that it grows upon an increase of this relation, that is upon decrease of the mean exciting current of the winding 8. The desired dependence of the current of winding 6 upon the ratio between opening and closing times of contact m, for instance, may be attained by means of having the trembler switch 2 control another contact 71 which is inserted in the circuit of 6, and which, if desired, is located upon the opposite side of the trembler switch as the contact m, so that for the contact n the ratio between opening and closing times decreases, whenever this ratio grows for contact m.

In order that the fluctuations of the current of winding 6 due to the periodical opening and closing of contact n may be smoothed down, and to impart to the same as far as feasible the nature of a direct current, any means usuallyemployed for and adapted to this purpose may be resorted to, for instance, a filter chain or circuit 10 comprising series coils and parallel condensers inserted in the circuit in question and being of suitable proportions. Of course, smoothing down of the current in 6 to any desired extent may be attained only when complete interruption of this current upon opening of the contact n is avoided, this beingsaccomplishable in wellnown manner by bridging or shunting the contact 12. by means of a suitably dimensioned reslstance r.

The direction ofthe forces produced by the currents in the windings 3 to 6 upon the trembler switch is indicated by the arrows.

The co-action of the four currents shall be explained by reference to Fig. 2, where the time-shape of the currents in question is graphically plotted. Downwardly directed arrows indicate that the currents in question act upon the trembler switch in the sense ofopening of contact m. Arrows upwardly directed indicate action in the sense of closing of contact m. If the potential to be controlled just happens to have a value so that the direct current is set up by it in winding 3 and acting in the sense of opening of contact m is neutralized as to its efiect by the standard current I, in winding 4 acting in the sense of closure, then there are the other two currents still operative upon the relay. The current I in thewinding 6 (in case of adequate smoothing out by the filter circuit 10) has approximately the shape of a direct current. I'ts effect in the sense of opening of contact m is measured or determined by its mean value I The current I of winding 5 acts in the sense of closure of contact m and the same has approximately'the periodically pulsating form as shown in Fig.- 2. The angular or jagged shape of this current which is subject to the control of a make and break device 7, may be insured by means of a large series-connected self-inductance coil 11. The combined action of the currents I, and I givesa variable resultant which during the period T during which I exceeds the current I is given by the part of the angular curve above the horizontal (zero line) M, and which acts in the sense of closure, while in the period T during which the effect of I, is smaller than that of I it is given by the shape of the angular curve below the horizontal aa the action'being here in the sense of opening. The ratio closing time governs the value of theexciting current in winding 8 of the machine subject to the control of the regulator.

Now, if the generator E. M. F. which is to bekept constant should rise for some reason or other, then the current I in its action will no longer be compensated or counterbalanced by the constant current I but will result in in a similar way, the new 0 ning time T,

becomes longer than the one efore, T On account of the resultant reduction in the ratio between closing and opening times, the mean there has been brought about a change in the contrary. sense compared with the corresponding ratio for contact m, in other words, it is made longer. Since the increase in cur-. rent I acts upon the trembler switch in the same sense as an increase of I it follows that I even after I, has again been diminished to the nominal value, is able to maintain the zero line.in the position bb and the ratio between closin and opening time T',; T' This state 05 permanency persists until by some change in the working conditions, the dynamo potential undergoes another change, and this change is at once re-adjusted auto matically in a manner as above described.

It will be seen that this regulation is brought about b the fact that each time the shift of the me ian position of the trembler switch needed for maintaining the requisite ratio between closing and opening times is first initiated and occasioned by the potential to be controlled or the current I produced by it, and that maintenance of the re-adjusted and correct condition of the potential is thereupon effected by the current I since the latter itself is made dependent upon the adjustment of the median position of the trembler switch in the desired sense. the form of construction as hereinbefore described it may be further remarked that the windings 4 and 5, since they act in the same sense, may be combined into a single winding under certain circumstances.

In Fig. 3 is shown another embodiment of the same basic idea of the invention which, by the use of a thermionic tube, allows of attaining by far higher sensitiveness of adjustments.

p denotes the primary winding of a transformer which is connected with the alternating current potential to be kept constant.

'goes a growth since through its contact n,

As regards The voltage of the secondary winding G is made to act upon the grid of tube '0. By means of a bridge arrangement cdofg, the grid potential is compared with or balanced against the constant potential of battery 15. In the diagonal arm of the bridge arrangement is the winding 11 of the trembler switch 2, which, similarly as in the preceding embodiment, is made to control two contacts m and it. Also these latter have a similar significance as in Fig. 1. Of course, whenever relatively large powers are dealt with, they may efiect the opening and closing of resistances also indirectly, say by the interposition of relays.

Upon the relay switch 2 there acts in ad-' 1 dition the winding 13 which corresponds to ing times. Also in this casegfor t e purpose of smoothing down the grid iasing potential controlled by the contact a the same means as cited in connection with the preceding embodiment, for instance, a filter circuit, may

be employed. In this case, the same would be disposed either in the circuit of the battery b supplying the biasing potential and the contact n, or else across the end terminals of resistance '12 whence the said biasin potential is taken off, or else at both sai points. In Fig. 3, such an arrangement for smoothing down the potential wave is indicated by the choke-coils h and the condenser z. The sensitivity of the device may be raised by having the grid bias potential supplied from battery 6 and taken off at resistance 12 compensated by a battery 14 for a certain normal working state, for instance, in the presence of like opening and closing times of the contact m. In this case, the bridge current of winding 11 in the presence of such normal working conditions and correct potential would have to be equal to zero, while the current in the winding 13 to actuate the switch vibrator would have to be an alternating current;

As is well known the means to regulate generators at constant potential are generally useful also for keeping motors at a constant rate of speed, if the sense of the field variations to be brought about in the machine by the regulator is chosen properly. The same thing, of course, holds true also of the arrangements before described. For instance, the arrangement of Fig. 1 could also be readily used for keeping the'speed of a motor in a Leonard scheme at a constant value, if 1 is the motor to be controlled and 8 the field winding of the dynamo supplying it. In this case winding 3 would have to be fed with a current depending on the motor speed, say, a tachometer dynamo mounted on the motor shaft.

In case the motor is fed from the network, and if 8 is its own field winding, apart from the feeding of winding 3 from a tachometer dynamo the circuit arrangements would have potential which for maintaining the speed of high frequency converters at a constant value whenever the rated or nominal s eed is to be kept accuratel invariable. or this object, a sensitive spee indicator is used which, upon the arising of departures of, the speed from the nominal or normal value, or upon the limit of sensitiveness bein exceeded, causes the relay to respond whereby the driving motor is infiuenced in a corresponding sense and manner. In order that shifting of speed in case of variation of the ratio between opening and closing times may be avoided, restoration is also used here which so affects the relay that it will be, in a state of equilibrium no matter what the ratio of the times.

Such an application for the purposes of keeping the speed of a converter, especially a high-frequency converter, at an absolutely constant value is illustrated in Fig. 4. The circuit arrangement is similar to that in Fig. 3, except that the bridge arm gf is here replaced by another thermionic tube '0 and a series resistance 0 The arrangement and the operation of the other parts is readily explained and understood in the light of what precedes. The contact m controlled by the trembler switch is not illustrated here, since, according to the nature of the service, it is disposed either on the other side of thecontact n as shown in Fig. 3, or in case of direct action upon the motor field winding, on the same side of the trembler regulator as the contact n. If direct current potentials are used for feeding the grid, then the potential E could be furnished from a tachometer dynamo, and potential E from a constant standard or invariable source, so that in this case, in the presence of agreement between these two potentials, just as in the case of the circuit arrangement according to Fig. 3, in the presence of normal conditions, either a definite and constant current is flowing in the bridge winding 11, or else, if a battery 14 is used for compensating the grid bias potential, no current is flowing. However the preferable plan is to make the two grid potentials E and E dependent upon the speed in such a manner that, in the case of the slightest deviations of the speed from the nominal value, the potentials will strongly differ from each other not only as regards phase relation, but also in size or value so that a current is caused to flow through the bridge winding 11 of the relay according to the sense of the deviation, said current flowing in one direction or the other, in a similar way as in the wellknown phase-leap indicator (see Wissenschaftliche Veroefiientlichungen aus dem Siemens-Konzern, vol. 1, 19201922, publ. by Julius Springer, Berlin, Heft No. 1, article by K. Boedeker and H. Rieger, entitled Frequency relays, pp. 126 et seq.; also Telefunken Zeitung y means of the said current trembler switch 2 will be varied in the desired sense, and after the speed regulation has been completed, the requisite shift in the median position of the relay 2- is further maintained by the grid bias potential controlled by contact at and the current set up thereby in the winding 11.

It will be understood that the details of the method and arrangements herein set forth may be varied in that the general principles disclosed may be embodied in other arrangements different from those illustrated without de arting from the spirit of the invention as de ned in the following claims.

What I claim is:

1. In an arrangement for the regulation of electrical quantities of a controlled electrical device, electrical controlling means for varying said electrical quantities, a substantially constant source of current, a periodically.

varying source of current and a relay for in-. fluencing said controlling means, said relay having "associated therewith two current paths for influencing its movement, one of said paths being connected to said periodi cally varying source and adapted to open and close said relay periodically, a triode connected to the controlled device and to the other of said current paths and means controlled by variations of the electrical quantities of said controlled device for influencing said last named path.

2. In an arrangement for the regulation of electrical quantities of a controlled electric device, electrical controlling means for varying said electrical quantities comprising a relay device having associated therewith two current paths for influencing its movement, a periodically varying source of current for influencing one of said paths and adapted to open and close said relay periodically and a balancing bridge device having a variable resistance therein for influencing said other path, means controlled by variations of the electrical quantities of said con trolled electrical device for influencing said variable resistance and means controlled by the relative opening and closing times of said relay'forinfiuencing said variable resistance.

3. In an arrangement for theregulation of electrical quantities of a controlled electrical device, electrical controlling means for varying said electrical quantities, a bridge arrangement having fixed resistances and variable resistances therein and a substantially constant source of current, a relay device for periodically varying the current supplied to said controlling means and devices responsive to variations of the controlled electrical device and acting on one of said variable resistances for varying the ratio of opening to closing times of the relay device whereby the average current in the controlllng means is varie 4. In an arran ement for the regulation of electrical quantities of a controlle lectrical device, means for varying said electrical quantities including a vibrating contact, a bridge arrangement having therein standard comparing means and a thermionic tube circuit, means for applying said electrical quantities to be controlled to said thermionic tube circuit and means controlled by any discrepancies existing in" said bridge arrangement and acting on said vibrating contact for affectin said-first named means.

5. an arrangement for the regulation of electrical'quantities of a controlled electrical device, electrical controlling means for varying said electrical quantities, a bridge arrangement including a triode and a substantially constant source of current, a relay for periodically varying the current supplied to said cont-rolling means and means responsive to variations of the controlled electrical device and acting on said triode for varyin the ratio of the opening to closing times 0% the relay whereby the average current in the controlling means is varied.

6. An arrangement for regulating electrical quantities of controlled electrical devices, electrical controlling means for varying said electrical quantities, a brid e arrangement including a triode and a suistantially constant source of current, a relay for periodically varying the current supplied to said controlling means, means responsive to variations of the controlled electrical device and acting on said triode for varying the ratio of opening to closing times of the relay and means controlled thereby and acting through said relay for afiecting said triode.

7. In an arrangement for the regulation of electrical quantities of a controlled electrical device, electrical controlling means for varying said electrical quantities, a bridge arrangement having fixed resistances and variable resistances therein and a substantially constant source of current, a relay device for periodically varying the current suppliedto said controlling means, devices responsive to variations of the controlled electrical device and acting on one of said variable resistances for varying the ratio of opening to closing times of the relay device whereby the average current in the controlling means is varied to be controlled to the grid of said triode, and comparing said quantities with said constant potential through said bridge arrangement, means controlled by current flowing in the diagonal arm of said bridge arrangement due to any unbalanced condition existing for acting on said relay device and affecting said electrical controlling means in accordance therewith through one of said sets of contacts and means acting through said other set of contacts for varying the grid bias of said triode in accordance with the movements of said relay.

9. in an arrangement for the regulation of electrical quantities of a controlled electrical device, electrical controlling means for varying said electrical quantities, a bridge arrangement including a triode circuit and a substantially constant source of current, a relay for periodically varying the current supplied to said controlling means and also for periodically varying the grid biasing potential applied to said tube and means responsive to variations of the controlled electrical device and acting on said triode for varying the ratio of the opening to closing times of said relay whereby the average current in the controlling means and the potential applied to said grid are varied.

10. In an arrangement for the regulation of electrical quantities of a controlled electrical device, electrical controlling means for varying said electrical quantities comprising a relay device, a bridge arrangement including a triode circuit and a constant source of potential, means for applying said. electrical quantities to be controlled to the grid of said triode, and comparing said quantities with said constant potential through said bridge arrangement, means controlled by the current flowing in the diagonal armof said bridge arrangement due to any unbalanced condition in said bridge circuit for acting on said relay device and affecting said electrical controlling means in accordance therewith and means adapted to periodically affect said relay device.

11. An arrangement for regulating electrical quantities of controlled electrical devices, electrical controlling means for varying said electrical quantities comprising a bridge arrangement the arms thereof including at least one triode and a diagonal current path, a substantially constant source of current, a relay device adapted to periodically vary the current supplied to said controlling means, means responsive to variations of the controlled electrical device and acting on said triode for causing an unbalanced condition in said bridge arrangement and means controlled thereby and acting throughsaid diagonal arm for varying the ratio of opening to closing times of the relay whereby the average current in the controllin means is varied.

DB. RUD LF MAYER. 

